Biology

Essay on Infancy and Early Childhood Development - 1654 Words

Infancy and Early Childhood Development PSY/375 March 14, 2011 Kris Scott-Graves Infancy and Early Childhood Development Infancy and early childhood are referred to as those immature years of life and the stage at which most of a child’s development occurs. To strengthen the development of a child’s learning one must understand the physical and mental factors that affect a child’s development through observation and interaction. Development begins during the prenatal period on up to the early years and depends on the nutritional, medical, emotional, and intellectual support of parents, family members, caregivers, and teachers (Cherry, 2011). Parenting styles also play a role in what influences development as well as early childhood†¦show more content†¦This study of parenting and its effects on children displayed many aspects of parenting such as strategies of discipline, parental nurturance, styles of communication, and one’s level maturity and control. Observation from such dimensions created what is known as the four styles of parenting. Authoritarian Parenting Authoritarian parenting was a style of parenting that expected children to follow the rules and obey. Good behavior was rewarded; whereas, bad behavior was punished. This style of parenting felt as though they needed to give no reason other than â€Å"they said so.† Communication between parent and child was minimal with no response to child. Children who grew up from this type of parenting ranked lower in happiness, social competence, and self-esteem. Children are not allowed to make their own choices and given limited freedom. Authoritative Parenting Authoritative parenting is similar to that of authoritarian in terms of establishing rules and guidelines to follow, but much more democratic. However, this style of parenting is more responsive to their children. Though standards are set high there is room for decision-making. Parents are more willing to listen to their children and be more supportive rather than punitive. This style of parenting tends to result in happier children. These children tend to achieve higher grades in school, and have less social problems. Authoritative parenting helps children developShow MoreRelatedInfancy and Early Childhood Development1399 Words   |  6 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of developmentRead MoreDevelopment Of Infancy And Early Childhood1385 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Wilson Development in Infancy and Early Childhood Throughout the course of the human lifespan, the period of most rapid development extends through infancy and early childhood. The early stages of development that occur during this time set the stage upon which further and more specific aspects of development will occur. There are many different external and internal components which influence and guide development during this time. These components include the individual’s family, includingRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Samantha Trudeau PSY/375 June 27, 2011 Heather Harrison Infancy and Early Childhood Development An infant’s brain is something quite similar to a blank video tape. During infancy the child records everything he or she sees and hears. The things that are recorded are stored for later use in life. The way that people behave with the infant as an individual and a family greatly impacts the development of the infant. It is for this reason that itRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1150 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Beverly Mahone PSY/375 July 11, 2011 Andrew Rodriguez Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper The immature years of life and the stage in which the most development occurs in a child are referred to as infancy and early childhood. In this paper the subject will explain development during infancy and early childhood, explain how families affect the development of infants and young children, evaluate different parenting styles andRead MoreThe Formation Of Secure Attachments With The Primary Caregiver1616 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment from infancy to childhood). Yet, attachments, in this case insecure ones, are not the only reason as to why we develop into the individuals we are. There are other causes that are unrelated to attachment that explain our later development. In this discussion, the primary caregiver will be the mother. Attachment is considered vital for later life in terms of social development. Evidence for this was provided by Waters et al. (1979); children who were securely attached in their infancy years wereRead MoreChildhood Development Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood begins a new era of development, one that is filled with exploration and a new understanding of the world. Children are finally beginning to understand aspects of their environment that they were unable to comprehend during infancy. While development during childhood occurs less rapidly than that which is experienced during infancy, there are still many major changes that children go through during this time. During childhood, children experience physical and cognitive growth, create newRead MoreThe Birth Weight Of A Newborn1261 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the moment a newborn is birthed into the world they begin their physical development at a larger rate tha n any other period of their life. The first year of life is full of rapid physical growth in all aspects such as weight, height, limb lengths and even the physical growth of internal organs. On average, the birth weight of a newborn will double by the time they reach six months old and triple at the end of their first year of life. While weight is steadily increasing there is also an expansionRead MorePlay Time : A Child s Work1135 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung child’s development in early childhood. Play is a child’s work, it is how they begin to learn and grow intellectually, socially, and emotionally at a young age. In addition, play-time also helps introduce and initiate proper motor skills and cognitive thinking. Play-time involving mother and child is equally important because it is helping build the connection between parent and child. Without play-time, a child can be deprived of the most important aspect of his/her childhood and may grow upRead MoreThe Impact Of Sensory Processing Disorder On Development And Development1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdivided into eight different developmental periods. This essay will focus on the early childhood period that ranges from two to five or six years of age. Firstly, this essay will describe the typical developmental milestones during early childhood and how they play an important role in each developmental stage that follows. Secondly, it will analyse how the home and educational environments influence early childhood. Finally, it will define Auditory Processing Disorder and the characteristics ofRead More7 Stages of Development1002 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 2: Human Development There are seven stages a human moves through during his or her life span. These stages include infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age. Infancy is recognized as the stage of life from a human s birth up until he or she learns how to speak: generally until the age of one or two. During this stage, the child transitions from a dependent toddler to a relatively active child; he or she is typically

Should Internet Have A Tax Essay Example For Students

Should Internet Have A Tax? Essay In 1998, retailers sold nearly $8 billion goods and services to consumers over the Internet, or on-line, while business to business online commerce was valued at an estimated $17 billion. Business weekly magazine (June 22, 1998) predicted that Internet commerce would increase the U.S. gross domestic product (GPD) by between $10 billion and $20 billion annually by 2002. They argue that imposing new Internet taxes, at least during the next few years, would bog down the Internets growth and stunt a sector of the economy that is currently flourishing. For now industry leaders say it is important to build consumer confidence in the Internet by refraining from imposing taxes or other regulatory barriers that may deter people from shopping on line. Internet retailers must charge a sales tax only if the company has some kind of physical presence, such as a warehouse or an office, in the state where the customer is buying the item. Otherwise, companies do not have to add the sales tax to the purchase price. In 1997, Sen. Ron Wyden introduced the legislation that developed into the Internet Tax Freedom Act. The ITFA called for a moratorium of approximately six years on the taxation of Internet transactions, access, or communications. Wyden called the moratorium a time out period that would give the Internet the opportunity to continue to grow. The goal of the legislation was to give lawmakers and Internet industry time to figure out a national taxation policy. Many businesses, he says, would be scared away from the Internet if they were burdened with the responsibility of monitoring and enforcing a thicket of conflicting sales taxes imposed by various states and municipalities.Indeed the potential loss of tax revenue for states and municipalities is one of the biggest concerns. Unlike the federal government, which does not impose a sales tax, states are heavily dependent on sales taxes to raise revenues. Sales taxes comprise 49% of tax revenues collected by the states, while state income taxes comprise only 33%, according to the federal statistics. Critics of the ITFA say that if states municipalities are not permitted to collect taxes on Internet transactions, they could lose much needed revenue that helps pay for government services such as highway construction and public education. Others say that not collecting sales tax from the Internet is inherently discriminatory since businesses that do not engage in electronic commerce must still charge sales taxes. It is fundamentally unfair that Main Street retailers should be required to collect a sales tax while Internet and mail order vendors can sell the same goods and not be required to collect a sales tax, argues Utah Gov. Michael Leavitt. Once consumers and businesses become accustomed to tax-free shopping on the Internet, there may be a backlash against attempts to impose sales taxes when the moratorium ends. Government should impose a tax on all items sold over the Internet. The simplest and easiest to implement, would be a flat rate that applies to all states. I think that if there is no tax collected from these sales, each state will start to suffer from lose of revenue that helps pay for some of lifes necessities such as roads, education, and law enforcement. I think that Congress knew that there was a problem and by putting a moratorium, it would give them time to come up with some ideas. But by the time they come up with ideas it will be to late. If they do enforce a tax on Internet sales, people will either pay it or start going back to Main Street businesses, then we have a problem because Internet will no longer have the same sale volume. If they do not enforce a tax, I think that the Main Street businesses will either shut their doors or go to the Internet for their sales. In the latter event they will probably still shut their doors and move to an office building. Why have a huge store that they no longer need when they can run everything from a computer. .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 , .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .postImageUrl , .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 , .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:hover , .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:visited , .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:active { border:0!important; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:active , .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3 .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41fab4e8818473a00013b66843bcdac3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cyber-Crime is a Serious Problem Essay I think government should put a tax on Internet sales. BibliographyReferencesCoy, Peter. You Aint Seen Nothin Yet. Business Week (June 22, 1998) p. 130 Denver Post. Then Internet Tax Dodge. (March 2, 1998) p. B6Gleckman, Howard. The Tax Man Eyes the Net. Business Week (April 6, 1998) p. 131Gruenwald, Juliana. Moratorium on Internet Taxes Advanced by House Pannels. Congressional Quarterly Weekly (October 11, 1997) p. 2475Hof, Robert; McWilliams, Gary; Saveri, Gabrielle. The Click Here Economy. Business Week (June 22, 1998) p. 122Social Issues

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Thinking is the capability to manipulate words and images. It requires understanding, recalling, processing information as well as the ability to communicate. According to cognitive psychology, mind is involved in perceptions organization, processing information as well as interpreting experiences. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking, Language, and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, development of concept help one to simplify thing through grouping together the available information of events, ideas, objects, persons among other which have commonalities. As a result this enables priming of other networked information when one concept is activated. When one event comes in mind there is connection of other related event. For example, when one thinks of golf, other related games like tennis prime out. When a problem arises, either through image or words, one tries to figure out possible solut ions and test them out to see how they would work out. Success in solving them enable one’s life to go on but failure makes one to return to selection of solution models for new ideas. The strategies used in solving problems include; trial and error, algorithm (involving solving problem step by step), Heuristic (the mental shortcuts in solving problems) and insight (where a solution click out of mind automatically) (Myers, 2004). Language on the other hand entails a formal system of communication in either written, spoken or in gesture form. Spoken language has distinguished elements, which include; phoneme- which are basic sounds; Morphemes- the smallest unit which have meaning; and phrases- which entails the combined morpheme to bring out clear meaning. The acquisition of language begins out as a simple way and progress to complexity. This begins from birth as the child learns distinguishing sounds in speeches, start producing sound through imitation, sound becomes clear words which the child deduce its meaning. One factor that makes individuals to be able to learn language is the fact that the brain has the capacity to change the neural networks on bases of experiences, for instance exposing a child to a particular language will make its brain to change the neural network and conform to the structure of that language. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, if the child is exposed to another different language in early age, he is able to learn it better than at older age. For example, at my childhood, my parents were settled on a different tribe location from our own tribal land, I had no trouble speaking and understanding the â€Å"foreign† language. However, we moved to our local home and with no time I had learn clearly our language and gradually forgotten the other (Greenspan Shanker 2004). Intelligence is the ability to learn from ex perience, use the knowledge as well as solve the problems. Intelligence gives one a capability to hold two different ideas in mind at one time and still remain functional. Intelligence is an inheritance aspect and it is based on; speed in reacting to signals, muscular strength, ability to detect tiny differences and size of the head. Intelligence can be achieved on multiple basis where one become good in many areas such as ; academic, games, social situation as well as ability to posses emotional intelligence (by regulating emotions, ability to perceive, understanding and expressing). Intelligence have much influence to brain functioning as more intelligence people have the ability to process information quickly, as well as process perceptual information faster. During problem solving some factor within an individual do interfere with the process. Confirmation bias for instance affect the solving problem process through seeking information to confirm ones ideas. Through confirmatio n bias, the individual involved assumes that the evidence verifies his hypothesis while they may have a positive indicator that is nevertheless false. Fixation contributes to ineffective problem solving as it makes an individual to lack an ability of seeing the problem in a different perspective. As a result one uses a solution that once worked on to a problem that requires another solution to be solved. Overconfidence brings an underestimation of a problem that might be requiring intensive solution strategies which hinders proper approach to that problem. Heuristics on the other hand estimates the likelihood of a problem being easy hence producing quick answers which are often in error form. For example, when sitting for an exam paper well studied, overconfidence makes the student to tackle the question from a different angle from which the examiner intends with no awareness (Greenspan Shanker, 2004). Despite the argument that language unfolds because of child’s imitation , association and reinforcement from the older people, language is an inborn quality. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking, Language, and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A child is able to create its own language through combination of the sound they hear and what they see, with their innate sense of language. This is because as the child grows up, he imitates sounds the he hear without understanding their meaning. However, as it grew up, child associate these sounds by the action accompanying them and from this it is able to make sense of its own sound. In addition if a group of children are raised in an isolated area without presence of adult, the will make their own language from their innate sense of language and be able to communicate. For example, deaf children are able to use their own language in gesture form which agrees with the grammar rule and communicate well with other people. W as their language taught? (Castaneda,1989). According to Bobo Doll video, one’s perception concerning how women respond to sexual behaviors is distorted by viewing of pornography. Men who are exposed to violence pornography are violence towards women. In addition, exposure to aggressive views damages ones self-control ability, thus instilling aggressiveness in ones traits. Watching aggressive programmes on the television may result to aggressive behavior in a child despite that they on the other side teach positive lessons. The more violence child’s programmes in TV are, the more aggressive the child will likely become. This is because viewing violence programmes triggers violence behavior in a child. On the other hand, constrictive video games contribute to stimulation and arousal of positive feelings, behavior, and perceptions with reduction of prosaically behaviors. On the other hand, Myers (2004) quotes that â€Å"project zero bring out the relationship of the de velopment of human beings in arts through enhancing thinking ,learning, and creativity, together with humanistic and scientific disciplines both at individual and institutional levels.† In this project, forms of arts contribute to vital means of learning, with inclusion of other disciplines’ learning models. Integration of intelligence forms into authentic art learning have contributes to reduction of complexity in artistic. Art have in addition been connected to cognitive skills, which boosts powerful imagination, critical thinking and analytical perspective. In addition, this integrated learning enhances problem identification and problem-solving skills. The creative aspect found in the art as well as the cognitive skills involved in critical thinking shows that every juncture of art brings about a developmental progression in an individual (Castaneda, 1989) Reference List Castaneda, H.N. (1989). Thinking, language, and experience. St. Louis: U of Minnesta Press.Adve rtising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Greenspan, S. Shanker, S. (2004). The first idea: how symbols, language, and intelligence evolved from our early primate ancestors to modern humans. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. Myers, D.G. (2004). Exploring psychology. NY: Worth Publishers. This essay on Thinking, Language, and Intelligence was written and submitted by user Jonathan Ortega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.